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Uburenganzira bw’umugore bwemejwe bwa mbere mu 1948: Ese ubu bimeze bite?

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Hirya no hino ku isi havugwa uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, uburenganzira bw’umugore n’uburinganire bw’umugore n’umugabo benshi bakabifata uko bitari, nyamara iyo ubihaye umwanya ugasobanukirwa usanga ari ikintu kiza cyafasha sosiyete iyo ariyo yose gutera imbere.

Ese ubundi, uburenganzira ni iki?

Nk’uko tubikesha Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu mu Rwanda, mu gisobanuro yatanze mu mahugurwa iherutse guha abanyamakuru banyuranye ndetse n’abantu bari muri “Sosiyete Sivile”,
Igisobanuro cyari mu ndimi z’amahanga, ugenekereje mu kinyarwanda bavuga ko ari “Uburenganzira bw’ibanze n’ubwigenge buri muntu wese agomba kugira kubera gusa ko ari umuntu”. Bivuze ko buri muntu wese iyo ava akagera agomba kugira uburenganzira.

Ubu burenganzira bwa muntu bugendera ku mahame y’icyubahiro cya muntu ndetse n’uburinganire no kutavangura; bukarangwa kandi no kuba uburenganzira bwa muntu ari rusange, ntibugabanywa kandi buruzuzanya kandi bufitanye isano.

Muri aya mahugurwa kandi, Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu mu Rwanda yasobanuye ko Uburenganzira bwa muntu burimo ibyiciro by’ibanze bitatu by’ingenzi aribyo: Uburenganzira bw’imbonezamubano na politiki; Uburenganzira mu bukungu, imibereho myiza n’umuco; ndetse n’Uburenganzira rusange nanone bwitwa uburenganzira bw’igisekuru cya gatatu budashobora gukoreshwa n’umuntu ku giti cye, ahubwo bukoreshwa muri rusange.

Amateka atwereka ko hambere aha, ku isi, umugore n’umugabo batareshyaga. Benshi bazakubwira ko n’ubundi batareshya, ndetse hari n’abagera aho babigereka kuri Bibiliya bakaba bakubwira ko Imana nayo yabanje kurema umugabo ikabona gukurikizaho umugore, ndetse ikamurema imukuye mu rubavu rw’umugabo. Ibi benshi babiheraho basobanura nabi ibyanditswe byera muri Bibiliya, bakemeza ko Bibiliya nayo igaragaza “Ubusumbane hagati y’Umugore n’Umugabo”, nyamara siko Rev. Past. Christine Gatabazi abibona.

Uyu mubyeyi ukuze, wiyemeje guharanira ko Bibiliya idahabwa igisobanuro kitaricyo kuva mu buto bwe, ni umwe mu bashinze Itorero rya “Assemblies of God” mu Rwanda cyangwa se “Assemblé de Dieu” mu mwaka wa 1990 afatanyije n’umugabo we, Bishop Gatabazi Jean.

Ishyaka rye ni uguhindura abantu abigishwa ba Kristu, kwigisha no gushishikariza abagore guhagarara bashikamye kubiranga Imana n’inshingano zabo zo gukorera imiryango yabo, amatorero, hamwe na sosiyete muri rusange ku bw’icyubahiro cy’Imana.

Ndi umwe mu bagiriwe ubuntu bwo guhugurwa na Rev. Past. Christine mu mahugurwa y’abanyamakuru
yateguwe n’ikinyamakuru Agasaro, ku bijyanye n’Uburinganire bw’umugabo n’umugore mu mboni za Bibiliya.

Ni amahugurwa yanyeretse ko benshi bitiranya ibintu, ndetse ko nanjye hari byinshi ntari nzi, “nibazaga ko habayeho kwibeshya cyangwa se kwandika nabi Bibiliya”.

Mu Intangiriro, 1:26-28 bakubwira ngo “…Ni uko Imana irema Muntu mu ishusho ry’Imana, ibarema ari umugabo n’umugore. Imana ibaha umugisha,…”

Wagera mu Intangirio 2,18 ugasanga ahagira hati: “Kandi Uwiteka Imana iravuga iti: “Si byiza ko uyu muntu aba wenyine, reka muremere umufasha umukwiriye”. Gukomeza kugera kuri 2,21-22 ahagira hati: “Uwiteka Imana isinziriza uwo muntu ubuticura arasinzira, imukuramo urubavu rumwe ihasubiza inyama, urwo rubavu Uwiteka Imana yakuye muri uwo muntu, iruhindura umugore imushyira uwo muntu”…

Iyo ukomeje mu Intangiriro 2,24 hagira hati: “Nicyo gituma umuntu azasiga se na nyina, akabana n’umugore we akaramata, bombi bakaba umubiri umwe.”

Aha wakibaza ukuntu waba wabaye umubiri umwe n’umuntu ariko ugakomeza ukumva ko ntacyo amaze cyangwa ko umusumbyeho, kugeza ubwo umukubita, umwicisha inzara, umukorera iyicarubozo n’ibindi bibi byose twumva muri iyi si. Ibi bireba bombi, yaba umugore n’umugabo.

Mu Isezerano rishya, dusanga ko Yezu/Yesu yatoye Intumwa 12 kubera ko atashakaga kujya kure cyane y’umuco w’icyo gihe, na cyane ko hari hari byinshi bagikeneye gusobanukirwa, ariko henshi hagaragara uburyo yahaga agaciro “umugore” kugeza ubwo abagore aribo ba mbere bamenye iby’izuka rye, baba abambere kumubona ndetse aba ari nabo bajya kubwira inkuru nziza intumwa ze (Matayo 28,1-10…) nk’uko twabisobanuriwe na Rev. Past. Christine.

Amateka atubwira ko mu mwaka wa 1948, aribwo bwa mbere hemejwe uburenganzira bw’umugore n’umukobwa, ko bangana n’umugabo. Nyamara n’ubwo byari bimeze bityo, mu bihugu byinshi ntibyahabwaga agaciro.

Amateka kandi akomeza atubwira ko mu Busuwisi, umugore yemerewe gutora bwa mbere mu mwaka wa 1972. Ni ukuvuga ko mbere yaho, nta burenganzira abagore bari bafite bwo kwihitiramo abayobozi babayobora.

Uyu munsi, tujya tubona inkuru hirya no hino zivuga ngo “Bwa mbere mu mateka, umugore yatorewe kuyobora igihugu…” cyangwa “yatorewe kuba Minisitiri w’igihugu runaka” ugasanga byabaye inkuru ikomeye.

Mu minsi ishize, umugore mugenzi wanjye yarambajije ati: “Uri umu feministe?” Iri jambo rikunze kugaruka bashaka kumenya niba umugore cyangwa umukobwa runaka ari mu cyo benshi bita “agatsiko” gaharanira uburenganzira bw’umugore, aho benshi bibaza ko ari abagore barengeera mu guharanira uburenganzira bwabo ndetse rimwe na rimwe bakitiranya ibintu (si benshi babibona ko ariko).

Niba umugore yarafatwaga nk’umuntu kimwe n’abandi, kuki mu mwaka wa 1789 hashyizweho uburenganzira bwa muntu nyamara imyaka 159 nyuma yaho, ni ukuvuga mu mwaka wa 1948 hagashyirwaho “uburenganzira bw’umugore”?

Uyu munsi tumaze gusobanukirwa “n’Uburenganzira bwa muntu” mu bintu binyuranye harimo uburenganzira bw’umuryango, Uburenganzira bw’umwana, Uburenganzira ku mutungo, Uburengazira bwo kubaho, Uburenganzira bwo kurya, Uburenganzira ku mutungo n’ibindi.

Gusa nanone, isi y’ikoranabuganga yazanye ibyiza byinshi hari n’ibibi yazanye rimwe na rimwe bibangamira uburenganzira bwacu muri izo ngeri zose twabonye. Twaburinda gute ngo butangizwa? kwita ku burenganzira bw’umwana, uburenganzira bw’umuryango, uburenganzira ku mutungo, n’ibindi. Wowe wumva uburenganzira bwawe buhagaze he? Ese uzi uburenganzira bwawe? Ese iyo uhohotewe ubasha guharanira uburenganzira bwawe?

Isi y’ikoranabuhanga uyu munsi, itwereka ko hari byinshi bitotera cyangwa byangiza uburenganzira bwacu, nyamara ibyinshi tuba twabigizemo uruhare. Iyo ugiye kuri “Bose babireba” kubera impamvu runaka ugashyira hanze ubuzima bwawe, iyo ubikora uba wumva “ari uburenganzira bwawe kubishyira hanze”, nyamara iyo hagize ikibi kivamo cyangwa gikurikiraho, usanga bikubereye ibibazo.

Ikoranabuhanga turikoreshe neza ariko tunamenya kuzirikana ko tugomba kurinda uburenganzira bwacu, ntidukoreshwe n’abashaka kwinjiza agatubutse banyuze mu makuru tubaha, rimwe na rimwe twibaza ko ari uburenganzira bwacu nyamara turi kubutatira.

 

 

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