Ikinyabiziga kititaweho gishobora guhumanya ikirere bikatuviramo kubura ubuzima

Mu bukangurambaga bwo kubungabunga umwuka duhumeka ndetse n’ikirere gikeye, ikigo cy’Igihugu cyo kubungabunga Ibidukikije, REMA ku bufatanye na Polisi y’igihugu, bapimye ibinyabiziga byinjira i Kigali binyuze ku Giti cy’Inyoni basanga 70% ntibihumanya ikirere.

N’ubwo bimeze gutyo ariko, 30% basanze bihumanya ikirere, ba nyirabyo bavuga ko batari bazi ko ibinyabiziga byabo bisohora umwuka uhumanya ikirere.

Mu modoka 10 zapimwe, eshatu nizo zasanganywe umwuka uhumanya ikirere uri ku rugero rwo hejuru.

Sibomana Sudi, Umukanishi akaba n’umwe mu bashoferi bagenzuriwe ibinyabiziga bagasanga bifite umwuka wangiza ikirere ku rwego rwo hejuru, yavuze ko imodoka ye ari nzima ndetse na moteri ari nzima ahubwo ari ukubera ko imodoka yari imaze igihe itajya mu muhanda.

Yagize ati: “Imodoka yanjye mu by’ukuri bambwiye ko ifite ikibazo cy’umwotsi, ariko kubera ko imaze iminsi inahagaze nyikorera mu rugo,…barambwira ngo bafatira ku 1000 umwotsi, ariko barapimye basanga ngo ugera ku bihumbi bine (4000). Urumva ko njyewe moteri yanjye njye ndayizeye 100% ahubwo kubera ya minsi imaze ihagaze itari kugenda ariko kabazo kavutsemo.”

Sibomana yakomeje avuga ko asobanukiwe n’uko hari imodoka zisohora umwuka uhumanya ikirere, gusa avuga ko bigoye kubimenya cyane ko imodoka ye idasohora umwotsi w’umukara.

Ati: “Mu by’ukuri uretse iriya mashini ipima, murebye namwe nakije nk’agiserera mwabona nta mwotsi ifite. Ariko bo bafite uburyo wenda babibara, ariko njye, ubwawe n’amaso yawe wabona ko nta mwotsi uhari. Ariko ku giti cyabo bazi ukuntu babibara. Njye nta hantu nabona mpera. Uretse akuma bajomba muri shampoma bakavuga bati iyi modoka ifite umwotsi.”

Kuri we asanga abashije kwipimira imodoka byamufasha, gusa “Ikibazo ni uko iriya mashini yabo utapfa kuyibona ariko uramutse ufite ubushobozi bwo kuyibona nawe umwotsi wawipimira. Ariko mugihe utawurebesha amaso ntiwamenya uti urimo cyangwa nturimo. Cyereka wenda nk’imodoka zinywa mazutu, nizo wapfa gucyeka ukavuga uti iki kimodoka ndabona gifite umwotsi.”

Iki kibazo Sibomana ashobora kuba asangiye na bagenzi be benshi, mugenzi we wasanganywe ikinyabiziga cyujuje ubuziranenge, Heri Ally Madua, yavuze ko ibanga nta rindi ari ukujyana ikinyabiziga gukorerwa isuzumwa mu gihe nyacyo.

Yagize ati: “Iyo ujyana imodoka yawe muri “controle technique” uba uyirengera kuko bakurebera ibitameze neza ukabikoresha, bityo bikarinda imodoka yawe kwangirika ndetse nawe bikakurinda impanuka”.

Pie Celestin Hakizimana, Umukozi wo muri REMA ushinzwe Ubugenzuzi bw’Ubwiza bw’Umwuka, yasobanuye ko ibyo Sibomana yavugaga byo kuba imodoka ye yasanganywe imyuka yangiza ikirere kubera ko itaherukaga kugenda bishoboka.

Yagize ati: “Ibyo nabyo birashoboka kuko imodoka ntiyakagombye kuba iparika igihe kinini cyane ngo hanyuma uhite uyishyira mu muhanda utabanje kuyikorera service. Abashoferi icyo tubasaba ni ukwita ku binyabiziga byabo; kumenera amavuta ku gihe, gukoresha controle technique ku gihe, kwita ku buryo batwaramo kuko nabwo bigira uruhare mu kurenza bya bipimo uko agenda atwara mu muhanda, …”

Yaboneyeho gukangurira abafite ibinyabiziga kwita ku buziranenge bwabyo babikorera isuzumwa rihoraho kuko hari byinshi utarebesha amaso, kandi ko imyuka yose isohorwa n’ibinyabiziga yanduza ikirere, ariko ko hari igipimo kiba kiri ku rugero ruto cyane hakaba n’ikiri ku rugero runini ku buryo rwangiza ikirere ndetse n’abawuhumeka.

Muri rusange, mu modoka 10 zapimwe uyu munsi, “zirindwi muri zo ntabwo zirenza ibipimo ntarengwa by’imyotsi zigomba gusohora, hanyuma eshatu zirenza ibipimo ntarengwa by’imyotsi zigomba gusohora. Muri ibyo bipimo biba birimo ibice bitewe n’igihe iyo modoka yakorewe. Hari imodoka zakozwe hagati y’1991 gusubira hasi, izo modoka ntiziba zigomba kurenza ibipimo bingana na 2000 mu gipimo dukoresha dupima bita PPM (part per million) ni ukuvuga ngo mu mwuka usohotse, uduce miliyoni tw’uwo mwuka, harimo nibura uduce 2000.

Ntabwo iyo modoka igomba kuturenza muri wa mwuka wasohotse. Tugafata n’ikindi cyiciro cy’imodoka zo guhera muri 1992 kugeza muri 2004 nazo zitagomba kurenza 1000. Hanyuma 2005 kuzamura, izo ni izitagomba kurenza 600. Ubwo ni ibipimo dukoresha by’ubuziranenge, ni “standards ya emissions” ku mamodoka akora, atari ayinjira mu gihugu kuko nayo agira ibipimo by’imyotsi atagomba kurenza.”

Ushinzwe Gukurikirana iyubahirizwa ry’Amategeko arengera Ibidukikije muri REMA, Madamu Beatha Akimpaye, yavuze ko muri iki cyumweru cyahariwe kubungabunga umwuka duhumeka ndetse n’ikirere gikeye harimo ibikorwa binyuranye by’ubukangurambaga mu muhanda, mu bagenzi bakoresha imihanda, ariko cyane cyane hibandwa ku kureba ibipimo by’iyo myuka ihumanya imodoka barimo ishobora kuba yohereza mu kirere ariko hanigishwa uburyo bwo gufata neza imodoka cyangwa se ibinyabiziga kugira ngo zitazamura iyo myuka ihumanya ikirere.

Yavuze ko muri ubwo bukangurambaga kandi, harimo gusaba abaturage kwirinda kwangiza amashyamba, kwirinda gutwika ibiyorero ndetse n’ibindi.

Madamu Beatha Akimpaye, yavuze ko hari byinshi bikorwa mu Rwanda “kugira ngo tubungabunge umwuka duhumeka” agira ati: “Dutera amashyamba, ndetse Leta y’u Rwanda yanashyizeho uburyo bwo kureba umunsi ku wundi ese umwuka duhumeka uhagaze gute? Hari ibikoresho dufite? Ubwo ndavuga cyane cyane muri REMA bigiye biri mu gihugu ahantu hatandukanye bitwereka umunota ku wundi ese muri ako gace umwuka duhumeka bitewe n’ibipimo dupima uhagaze gute? Ariko nanone ntabwo navuga ngo twageze iyo tujya, biracyagaragara ko hakiri ibibazo bikomoka ku mwuka duhumeka…”

Aha yakomoje kuri Raporo ya Minisiteri y’Ubuzima yo mu mwaka wa 2013 yagaragaje ko “nibura icyo gihe abantu bari bageze ku 2227 bapfuye bazize ihumana ry’umwuka duhumeka. Ariko nanone ubwo bushakashatsi bwanagaragaje ko 20% b’abana bagannye ibitaro kubera indwara zikomoka ku ihumana z’umwuka cyangwa se indwara zikomoka ku buhumekero. Nanone ariko bari bagaragaje ko abivuza yaba abakuru ndetse n’abato, 21,7% baba barwaye indwara zikomoka ku buhumekero.”

Leta y’u Rwanda, mu bukangurambaga buri gukorwa by’umwihariko muri iki cyumweru cyahariwe kubungabunga umwuka duhumeka n’ikirere, “hiyongeraho gukangurira abantu kugenda mu modoka rusange “transport iri public” kuko uko imodoka zigenda ari nyinshi bitandukanye n’uko wenda ahakoraga imodoka 100 hakora imodoka 2, ibyo zohereza mu kirere biba bigabanutse. Harimo no gukangurira abantu kugenda n’amaguru aho bishoboka.

Harimo no gukangurira abantu kubungabunga amashyamba ndetse no gutera amashyamba, twirinda gutwika; ndumva hari abajya batwika imyanda, hari abatwika ibyatsi byavuye mu buhinzi ahubwo ibyo byatsi bikoreshwemo ifumbire; Hari no gukangurira abantu no gufata ingamba zituma nibura hagabanuka imodoka zikoresha ibikomoka kuri peteroli.”

Iki cyumweru cy’Ubukangurambaga kizasozwa kuwa Kane tariki 7 Nzeri, ku Umunsi Mpuzamahanga wo kubungabunga umwuka duhumeka.